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Turkey Country Urbanisation and Economics Report

Top News
Urbanisation
GDP
Investment
Demographics
Net Exports
Public Spending
Public Debt
IPO

Top News

Bloomberg — Turkey Deploys F-16s in Somalia to Step Up Strikes on Al-Shabaab — Turkey has sent F-16 fighters and attack helicopters to Somalia to step up strikes on al-Shabaab militants and protect its growing interests....

NBC News — At least nine killed, 26 injured in Turkey bus accident — At least nine killed, 26 injured in Turkey bus accident — Feb. 1, 2026. Read More. Get more news on. UP NEXT....

ABC News8 killed as passenger bus crashes in wet conditions in southern Turkey — A passenger bus has rolled off a road in southern Turkey's Antalya province, killing eight people..

Haaretz — Iran's Araghchi to Meet U.S. Envoy Witkoff in Turkey on Friday, Source Says — The Talks Come as a Joint Military Exercise Between a U.S. Destroyer Warship and Israeli Navy Vessels Took Place on Sunday in the Israeli....

India.Com — Turkey betrays Pakistan, shatters Shehbaz Sharif's 'Islamic NATO' dream, highlights weaknesses Munir army, ETurkey has expressed concern over the condition of the Pakistani army, which is facing near–civil war–like situations along with challenges....

Urbanisation Levels

European Commission — EU and Türkiye hold High-Level Dialogue on Climate — On 1 October 2025, European Commissioner for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth Wopke Hoekstra and Turkish Minister of Environment,....Oct 2, 2025

Enviro — News Nigeria — Türkiye appoints Samed Ağırbaş as COP31 Climate High-Level Champion — COP31 President-Designate, Murat Kurum, on Saturday, January 24, 2026, appointed Samed Ağırbaş as Climate High-Level Champion ahead of the....

Nature — Evaluating urbanization effects on biomass density using a hybrid AI model: a case study — Urbanisation profoundly influences both socioeconomic structures and ecological systems worldwide, highlighting the critical need for....Oct 7, 2025

OSW Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich — Long live youth! Demography of Central Asian states — Since the break-up of the USSR, Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) has been characterised by....Aug 27, 2025

The Straits Times — Ankara city hall says water cuts due to ‘record drought’, not mismanagement — Taps are being shut off for several hours a day in certain districts on a rotating schedule in Turkey's capital..3 weeks ago

Brookings — Building sustainable cities with Turkey’s urbanization agenda — In his second post on Turkey's cities, Martin Raiser discusses how Turkey can address certain challenges that come with urbanization..Jun 9, 2015

World Bank — Cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A Story of Urban Growth and Decline — The urbanization experience of countries across Eastern Europe and Central Asia is quite unique, and for several reasons..Nov 29, 2017

Britannica — Turkey - Urbanization, Migration, Diversity — Turkey - Urbanization, Migration, Diversity: About three-fourths of the population lives in towns and cities. Prior to the mid-20th century, however,....Jan 21, 2016

Prevention — Web.net — Climate shifts and rising demand leave Turkey battling growing water stress — Population growth, urbanisation, climate change and – critics say – poor water management all are straining Turkey's water supplies..May 10, 2021

Bio — One Complete — Potential Implications of Accelerated Sea-Level Rise for Turkey — This study comprises a first-order evaluation of the implications of accelerated sea-level rise and some other aspects of climate change for Turkey's coastal....Feb 18, 2019

GDP

The Observatory of Economic Complexity — Turkey (TUR) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | The Observatory of Economic Complexity — In 2024, Turkey was the number 17 (out of 193) economy in the world in terms of GDP ($1.36T current US$), the number 28 (out of 226) in....

Daily Sabah — Turkish economy expands by 3.7% in Q3 to maintain growth trend | Daily Sabah — Türkiye's economy grew by 3.7% on an annual basis in the third quarter, official data showed on Monday, slowing more than expected as tight....Dec 1, 2025

ING THINK economic and financial analysis | ING THINKRecent strength has prompted us to raise our Turkish GDP forecast for 2025Accordingly, we have raised our full-year GDP growth forecast for 2025 to 3.8%, up from the previous estimate of 3.4%. The growth outlook and....Dec 1, 2025

Focus — Economics — Economic growth decelerates in Q3 but remains solid[…] Accordingly, we have raised our full-year GDP growth forecast for 2025 to 3.8%, up from the previous estimate of 3.4%. The growth outlook....Nov 28, 2025

Reuters — Turkish growth seen below government forecasts, inflation higher next year — Turkish inflation is seen higher at end-2025 and end-2026 than government forecasts and despite tight policy while disinflation efforts will....Oct 22, 2025

Türkiye Today — Türkiye’s GDP rises 3.7% in Q3 2025 as household consumption remains robust — Economy continues to grow, albeit at a slower pace than the previous quarter, as imports rise despite weaker exports..Dec 1, 2025

Statista — Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Turkey 2019-2023Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Turkey 2019-2023 ... In 2023, travel and tourism in the country generated, directly and....Nov 28, 2025

Intelli — News — ISTANBUL BLOG: Turkey’s GDP data – believe it if you want to — According to Turkey's central bank, the Turkish economy's output gap turned negative (the official GDP growth releases have fallen below....Sep 1, 2025

Anadolu AjansıTürkiye expects GDP growth of 3.3% in 2025, 5% in 2028, medium-term program shows — ISTANBUL. Türkiye aims to increase its gross domestic product (GDP) by 3.3% in 2025, 3.8% in 2026, 4.3% in 2027, and 5% in 2028,....Sep 8, 2025

Benzinga — Turkish GDP Outpaces Europe's Largest Economies As Growth Beats Q2 Forecasts — Second-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 4.8%, compared with a forecast of 3.8%, the Turkish Statistical Institute said on....Sep 5, 2025

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Investment

Caspianpost.com — Central Asia, Türkiye and Rise of Regional Connectivity — In a compelling analysis for Uz — Daily, Leading Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of....

OECDTürkiye should maintain prudent macroeconomic policy to foster investment and growth — To ensure strong and sustainable growth, Türkiye should maintain credible and prudent monetary and fiscal policies, while implementing far-reaching structural....Apr 10, 2025

ING THINK economic and financial analysis | ING THINKTurkish growth beats expectations amid resilient domestic demand — Turkey's second-quarter GDP data reflected a notable pick-up in annual growth, largely supported by resilient domestic demand..Sep 1, 2025

Global Finance Magazine — Armenia: Beyond The Peace Dividend — Armenia's economy surges as peace, reforms, and rising FDI transform it into the South Caucasus hub for technology, trade, and investments..Nov 4, 2025

Caliber.Az — Media: Armenia may see 20% investment growth if border with Türkiye opens — Anushik Avetyan, Deputy Minister of Economy of Armenia, highlighted that opening the Armenia–Türkiye border would bring economic benefits to....1 week ago

Hotel Investment Today — Turkey becomes a hotbed of investments as big brands pursue growth“Turkey saw positive Rev — PAR growth for IHG in 2024 and remains one of our fastest-growing European markets, driven by rising demand in the....Mar 17, 2025

Anadolu AjansıSomalia wants greater foreign investment as Turkish engagement boosts economic growth — Somalia's new company law allows 100% foreign ownership, unlike previous laws that limited full ownership by foreign nationals, the director....Sep 26, 2025

Defence Turkey Magazine — Momentum and Investments Position Akkök Holding for Growth in Exports and Employment Opportunities — In this interview, Ahmet DÖRDÜNCÜ Chairman of the Executive Board of Akkök Holding discusses the group's positive momentum and investment plans for 2022..4 weeks ago

Petfood — Industry — Turkish pet food producer secures investor for expansionÇağatay Pet Food gains minority shareholders to support production capacity growth, while Italy's Farmina Pet Foods plans €20 million....Nov 5, 2025

Türkiye Today — Somalia seeks more foreign investment as Turkish role drives economic growth — Somalia seeks more foreign investment as Turkish role drives economic growth ... Somalia is seeking to attract more foreign investment by....Sep 26, 2025

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Demographics

Türkiye Today — Türkiye's population growth stalls in 2025 H1 as aging accelerates — Türkiye's population rose to 85.82 million in the first half of 2025, increasing by only 90,456 since the start of the year, amid growing....Aug 17, 2025

Daily Sabah — Türkiye’s looming demographic cliff | Daily Sabah — Demographic change is the gradual but profound transformation in the size, structure, and distribution of a population over time,....Aug 20, 2025

Statista — Turkey largest provinces 2024In 2024, the major city of Istanbul had almost **** million inhabitants and was the province with the highest population in Turkey..1 week ago

Hürriyet Daily News — Türkiye’s population nears 86 million amid declining birth rates — Türkiye's population has climbed to 85.98 million as of Oct. 1, official data shows, amid unprecedented declines in fertility and rising....Nov 24, 2025

Turkish Minute — Turkey’s elderly population rises by 21 percent over 5 years: official data — The number of people aged 65 and over in Turkey has increased by 20.7 percent over the past five years, surpassing 9 million in 2024, according to official....Mar 13, 2025

Daily Sabah — Türkiye’s population reaches 86 million with family support boost | Daily Sabah — Türkiye's population reached 85980654 as of Oct. 1, marking a steady increase amid ongoing government efforts to support family growth and....Nov 24, 2025

Türkiye Today — President Erdogan highlights population decline, renews call for at least 3 children — President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Saturday renewed his call to increase Türkiye's population, warning of a future demographic crisis as....3 weeks ago

ICISTurkey has potential in plastics — Turkey's plastics sector is set for strong growth as policy changes, new investment and strategic geography strengthen its regional role..Nov 27, 2025

ankahaber.net — Erdoğan expresses concern over Türkiye’s population growth, urges families to have more children(ANKARA) - President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan warned that Türkiye's population growth is insufficient and urged families to have more children,....3 weeks ago

Statista — Turkey: Median age of the population from 1950 to 2100This statistic shows the median age of the population in Turkey from 1950 to 2100. The median age is the age that divides a population into two numerically....Nov 28, 2025

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Export/Import

Index — Box — Latin America and the Caribbean's Preserved Turkey Market Set for Modest Growth to 552K Tons and $1.9BAnalysis of the Latin America and Caribbean preserved turkey market, covering consumption, production, trade, and forecasts from 2024 to....

Hürriyet Daily News — Türkiye’s trade deficit widens in January as export growth slows — Exports from Türkiye fell by 3.9 percent year-on-year in January due to calendar effects, amounting to $20.3 billion, while annualized....

TRT World — How Türkiye's economy transformed over the past 22 years — Türkiye's "uninterrupted growth continues" amid global crises, while the export target of $390B to be reached by end-2025, says the Trade....Aug 14, 2025

Türkiye Today — Pomegranates lead fruit export growth in Türkiye — Türkiye's pomegranate exports exceeded $162 million in 2025, with shipments reaching 62 countries, according to data from the Turkish....

Yeni Safak English — Türkiye’s economic momentum boosts confidence in 2026 targets — A broad set of macroeconomic indicators in Türkiye, from growth and exports to inflation and credit risk, are reinforcing optimism for 2026..

Daily Sabah — Turkish exports hit $22.6B in September, annualized near $270B | Daily Sabah — Türkiye's monthly exports hit an all-time high of $22.6 billion in September, rising 3% on an annual basis, Trade Minister Ömer Bolat said....Oct 2, 2025

Index — Box — MENA's Turkey Meat Market Forecast Shows Slowing Volume Growth at 1.5% CAGR Amid Rising Value — Analysis of the MENA turkey meat market covering consumption, production, trade, and forecasts from 2024 to 2035, including key....

İlke Haber AjansıTürkiye’s foreign trade deficit widens despite export growth in December — Türkiye's exports and imports posted strong year-on-year growth in December 2025, according to provisional data released jointly by the....

Caspianpost.com — Türkiye Sees 4.8% Growth in Exports to Neighboring Countries in First Half of 2025The Turkish Ministry of Trade and Türkiye Exporters Assembly have announced that goods and services worth $13.3 billion were exported to neighboring....Jul 13, 2025

Turkish Minute — France acknowledges Turkey’s rapid rise in global defense exports in new report — France's defense ministry has recognized #Turkey's ascent in the global arms market, citing record-breaking growth in exports driven by....Nov 4, 2025

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Public Spending

Trading — View — Track All Markets — Turkey Budget Deficit Narrows in December — Turkey's central government budget deficit narrowed to TRY 528.1 billion in December 2025, down from TRY 830.8 billion in the same month a....2 weeks ago

Türkiye Today — Türkiye posts $45.5B budget deficit in 2025, records first primary surplus since 20222025 budget deficit beat official forecast of $55.6B, with the interest-excluded deficit softening as revenues surge..2 weeks ago

Daily Sabah — Türkiye's budget swings to surplus of nearly $4B in November | Daily Sabah — Türkiye registered a budget surplus of TL 169.5 billion (nearly $4 billion) in November, according to official data released on Monday,....1 month ago

Anadolu AjansıTürkiye's budget deficit narrows to $584M in July, down 75% year-on-year — Central government budget revenues hit $26.6B, while expenditures totaled $27.4B, according to Treasury and Finance Ministry data - Anadolu....Aug 15, 2025

Turkish Minute — Turkey announces surprise tax hike to bolster budget, dampens lira demand: report — Turkey raised withholding taxes on lira-denominated deposits and mutual funds, tightening its grip on household savings as it seeks fresh....Jul 9, 2025

PA Turkey — Turkey’s Budget Deficit Rises to TL 223 Billion in October as Spending Pressures Mount — Turkey posted a TL 223.2 billion budget deficit in October 2025 as rising expenditures outpaced strong tax revenues..Nov 17, 2025

Bloomberg.com — Turkey Surprise Tax Hike to Boost Budget, Risk Lira Appetite — Turkey raised withholding taxes on lira-denominated deposits and mutual funds, tightening its grip on household savings as it seeks fresh revenue to ease the....Jul 9, 2025

Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBITax haul puts Turkish budget in the black for November — Turkey's budget posted a surplus in November on a strong increase in tax revenue and a slowing of expenditure..1 month ago

Reuters — Turkey raises withholding tax on short-term lira deposits to boost budget revenues — Turkey has raised the withholding tax on short-term Turkish lira deposits and investment funds by 2.5 percentage points..Jul 9, 2025

Daily Sabah — Türkiye's budget deficit nears $24.5 billion in H1 | Daily Sabah — Türkiye's central government budget recorded a deficit of TL 330.2 billion ($8.2 billion) in June, bringing the cumulative shortfall for the....Jul 16, 2025

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Public Debt

Turkish Minute — Turkey’s central government debt stock hits $268 billion: report — Domestic debt stood at 5.75 trillion lira ($149 billion), with external debt totaling 4.52 trillion lira ($118 billion). A breakdown by....Apr 22, 2025

Nordic Monitor — Turkey forgives millions in debt for countries buying its weapons — The official debt forgiveness, totaling $58.8 million, stems from a low-interest loan Turkey gave to Kyrgyzstan in 2012. The loan, backed by a....Jul 29, 2025

Bloomberg.com — Turkey State Oil Firm Plans $4 Billion Debt as It Boosts Output — Takeaways by Bloomberg AI Hide · Turkiye Petrolleri AO plans to sell as much as $4 billion in Islamic debt as part of its push to expand oil and....Nov 17, 2025

The Wall Street Journal — Moody’s Raises Turkey’s Sovereign-Debt Rating — The ratings agency said Friday it lifted the country's long-term foreign currency sovereign-credit ratings and local currency issuer ratings to....Jul 25, 2025

Daily Sabah — Türkiye’s short-term external debt edges down to $165.7B in October | Daily Sabah — Türkiye's short-term external debt stock fell slightly to $165.7 billion (TL 7.08 trillion) at the end of October, according to official....1 month ago

American Enterprise Institute - AEIA Cautionary Turkish Economic Tale — Turkey's economic policy mistakes have led to excessive inflation, major currency weakness, and disappointing economic growth performance..Jun 30, 2025

Reuters — Iraq Kurdish oil exports yet to flow as two producers seek debt guarantees — Pipeline oil exports from Iraq's Kurdistan region to Turkey had yet to restart on Tuesday despite hopes of a deal to end the deadlock,....Sep 23, 2025

Yahoo Finance — AGI to Lower Debt Levels With Sale of Turkish Development Projects — AGI to Lower Debt Levels With Sale of Turkish Development Projects · AGI's Strategic Deal With Tumad · Alamos Gold's Q2 Performance · AGI....Sep 15, 2025

Türkiye Today — Türkiye’s external debt tops $527B in first quarter, accounting for 38.5% of GDPTürkiye's Treasury and Finance Ministry announced Monday that the country's gross external debt stock stood at $527.5 billion as of March 31....Jun 30, 2025

Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBITurkey’s finances hold firm despite record public debt — Turkey's finances hold firm despite record public debt ... Turkey's public debt has hit a record high as government spending outpaces revenue,....Nov 6, 2025

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Recent IPO News

Daily Sabah — Türkiye sees 18 listings as 2025 global IPO market resilient: Report | Daily Sabah — After several years marked by macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges, 2025 proved to be a more stable year for the global initial public....

Türkiye Today — Türkiye logs 18 IPOs in 2025, raising $981M as regulators anticipate busier 2026Borsa Istanbul ends 2025 with 591 listed firms, up from 572, as expectations rise for a more active IPO calendar in 2026..4 weeks ago

Forbes — How A Turkish Immigrant Engineered A Successful Diagnostics Startup IPOBillion — To — One raised its first $15 million in March 2019. It has since raised nearly $375 million from investors that include Norwest and Baillie....Nov 6, 2025

Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBITurkish reality show broadcaster launches IPOIlicali has applied to the Capital Markets Board, the market regulator, to launch an initial public offering, selling 35 million shares, or....Nov 17, 2025

Bloomberg.com — Turkish Reality-TV King Ilicali Eyes IPO for His Broadcaster TV8Turkish media mogul Acun Ilicali, who built an entertainment franchise around taking global reality shows and adapting them for a local....Nov 15, 2025